Jacob+R

1). Time  - era – Depression era, mid 1930s  - season (beginning of book) - Summer  - age/period of life for Scout, Jem, Atticus- Scout-6, Jem-10, Dill-7, Atticus-Adult

 2). Geography  - area of world- United States, Alabama, Maycomb  - climate - It is very hot and arid in the summer.  - landscape/buildings- It is a small rural town with grocery stores, a school, churches, and the mysterious Radley House.

 3). Environment  - occupations - Atticus- Lawyer, Majority of Citizens- Farmers - lifestyle - Maycomb is a poor isolated town that has a small African American community which is segregated.  - morals/religion- The citizens of Maycomb are Methodist.  - customs - There is tradition in the Finch family to live on Finch's Landing, but Atticus brakes it when he goes to Montgomery to read law. Another tradition is that Atticus reads to Scout every night.  - family life - Scout and Jem call their dad Atticus, their mom dies of a heart attack when Scout is two years old, and Scout has one brother named Jem.  - education -Scout and Jem go to school, but Atticus was home-schooled.

Chapters 4-6 Activity 2- Journal 1).  Mocking a Difference <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;"> Why do people tend to make fun of those who are in some way different? Do you believe the tendency is stronger in children or adults? Suggest ways to combat this tendency.

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">I believe people tend to make fun of others that are different for several reasons. First, some people are insecure. They do not feel content with themselves, so they make fun of others to make themselves feel better. They belittle people so they will feel superior. When one person makes fun of another, the person being made fun of feels low, inadequate, and inferior. Bullies do not have confidence in themselves for whatever reason. Sometimes, they might feel like they are not smart and cannot contribute anything to society. They usually pick on people who they are jealous of. They think that by making others feel worse than they already do, they get more confidence. The bullies might feel better about themselves, but it is not a good or productive way to earn self confidence. Second, some bullies are mistreated at home, so they use school to get out their anger. When bullies' siblings make them feel good for nothing, they make kids in school feel that way too. They have an anger bottling up inside of them, and they need a place where they can let that go free. Brothers and/or sisters also greatly influence their siblings. When brothers or sisters bully their younger siblings, the siblings learn from them. They repeat what their siblings did at home but instead at school. Also, parents sometimes abuse their children. When a child is abused (physically or emotionally), they are scarred for life. Again, they release their anger at school. Last, a lot of bullies are just plain mean. They get pleasure out of making kids feel depressed. It gives them a strange joy only a real bully could understand. I think that the tendency to bully is stronger in children than adults because children are not mature enough to understand that bullying is extremely hurtful and can sometimes lead to suicide. One way to combat bullying would be for a bully to talk to his/her friends and ask them what they like about him/her. Bullies would be surprised at how many good things people had to say about them. That should get rid of some of their insecurity. Another way to try to eliminate bullying would be to talk to a therapist. Therapists help with personal problems such as abuse and depression. Bullying occurs everywhere, and people should do everything they possibly can to stop it at all costs.

Chapters 7-9 Activity 3- Journal <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">Task: Respond to the following question in a journal form. This is informal writing, and your response should be 6-8 sentences. Please type the question above your response.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">1). You Take that Back!

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;"> What type of insult would most provoke you? <span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">– <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">An insult about your dress or appearance <span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">– <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">An insult about your character or action <span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">– <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">An insult about a friend or family member

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;"> Explain your reasons and suggest ways to deal with insults.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;"> I think an insult about my character or actions will most provoke me. If somebody tells me that I am weird or strange, I will feel really hurt. I will first wonder why the person said that, and then I will get angry. Insults that are not true and, more importantly, thoughtful are the worst. If someone says that I am not capable of achieving my goals, I will be infuriated because there is no need to say something like that. I do not like it when people say things that are mean and untrue about me for no reason. It might give the person pleasure, but it makes me feel like the person actually feels that way about me. If the same person says the same things over and over to me, I might start to actually believe them. I will have a low self esteem and no confidence. One way to deal with insults is to confront the person who is insulting you and have a conversation with them about what they are doing. It might give the insulter the realization that what he/she is doing is wrong and has a negative impact on the person being insulted. If you keep your feelings bottled up inside you, the insulter will never know and will continue to make fun of you. Another way to deal with insults is to stand up to the insulter and insult them back. If someone did that, the insulter would know that the person is strong and not afraid of him/her. The insulter might actually stop and leave the person alone. Personal insults are one of the worst types of insults because they lower self confidence and make people depressed.

Chapters 10-12 Activity 4- Linking Experiences <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">There are many structural and thematic links between Chapters 11-12. The children, in many ways, begin to enter the adult world.

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;"> Task: Seven themes are listed below. For each theme find 1-2 examples of this theme in Chapter 11 and 1-2 examples in Chapter 12. You may organize your findings in any way you would like—such as a chart, outline, etc. Full sentences and direct quotations are not necessary—you may put the examples in your own words. <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;"> Themes
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Courage: Chapter 11- Miss Dubose shows courage when she tries her hardest to stop her morphine addiction. She knows she is going to die, but she still wants to prove to herself that she can stop the addiction. Chapter 12- Calpurnia shows courage when she defends Scout and Jem when Lula is making them feel unwelcome. She is not afraid to stand up to her.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Jem’s Maturation: Chapter 11- Jem matures when he buys Scout the baton she wants. It is generous of him to use his own birthday money to buy Scout something she wants. He grows up and learns to put other people before himself. Chapter 12- Jim matures when he decides not to use his own money to give to the collection box but to use the money Calpurnia offers him. It is very mature of him because he is being respectful of Calpurnia's wishes.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Hidden Identities Discovered: Chapter 11- The hidden identity of Jem is that he is not afraid to speak out to Mrs. Dubose and stand up for what he believes in. Standing up to her was something he usually does not do. Scout now knows that Jem has a powerful voice and is not afraid to use it. Chapter 12- Scout and Jem know the truth about Calpernia when they are at church with her. When she speaks to the congregants, she speaks like one of the African Americans instead of speaking properly and sophisticatedly like she normally does. They do not know that she has another life out of their home.
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Concern for Others: Chapter 11- Atticus is concerned about Mrs. Dubose because he knows she is ill and is trying to stop her addiction. The reason why he forces Jem to read to her is so that it will get her mind off of her addiction. He tries his best to help her by always being nice to her and by visiting her while she is dying. Chapter 12- Scout is concerned about Jem because he switches moods a lot, eats a lot more than usual, and does not have any patience. Scout thinks something is wrong, but really he is just going through puberty. Over time, Scout learns to leave him alone and let him have his space.
 * 5) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Prejudice: Chapter 11- Mrs. Dubose tells Jem and Scout that their father (Atticus) is no better than African Americans. That implies that African Americans are good for nothing and inferior compared to whites. It is prejudice to insult Atticus by comparing him to African Americans. Chapter 12- Jem tells Scout to start being more normal by acting like a girl. Not all girls are all girly; some are tomboys, such as Scout. It is not right to stereotype and say that girls cannot act similar to boys.
 * 6) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Illusions give way to Reality: Chapter 11- Jem and Scout know the truth about Mrs. Dubose when Atticus tells them that she is a morphine addict. They do not know that the reason why she always has fits is because of the morphine, but once it is revealed to them, it makes sense. Before they know, they just think that she is a mean lady who enjoys throwing fits. Chapter 12- Scout and Jem know the truth about Calpernia when they are at church with her. When she speaks to the congregants, she speaks like one of the African Americans instead of speaking properly and sophisticatedly like she normally does. They do not know that he has another life out of their home.
 * 7) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Scout’s Maturation: Chapter 11- Scout matures when he chooses to go to Mrs. Dubose's house everyday for a month and read with Jem to her. He does not have to do it, but he wants to make his brother feel more comfortable. Chapter 12- When Scout is at church, he has several questions for Reverend Sykes, but he decides not to ask him because it will make him feel uncomfortable. It is considerate of him to wait and ask Calpurnia.

Chapters 13-15 Activity 5- Journal <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">Task: Respond to the following questions in a journal form. This is informal writing, and your response should be 6-8 sentences. Please type the questions above your response.

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;"> 1). Mob Rule

o <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">How would you define a mob?

o <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">How does mob behavior differ from individual behavior?

o <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">How would you handle an angry mob as opposed to an angry individual?

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">I believe a mob to be a group of angry people that fights for a belief. Mobs are very powerful because they can gang up on individuals in order to get their way. Mobs are determined and will not give up until they get what they want. Since mobs contain several people, it is very difficult to totally get rid of one. If a mob grows so much that people are not able stop it, the mob can do whatever it wishes. Mob behavior differs from individual behavior because mobs can make a huge impact on society while individual behavior usually cannot. When a group of people publicize their beliefs, whether they be good or bad, people tend to listen. If a group of people all agree on an issue, other people tend to get involved and join them. Eventually, a mob is formed. Many times, mobs use violence to prove a point. Mobs can do things that individuals cannot do, such as vandalizing someone's property who they might not like, burning down someone's house, or even killing someone who they think is a threat. Other times, they might have rallies, protests, or meetings about a particular cause. A mob of people protesting is more influential than just one person holding up a sign. I would handle an angry mob opposed to an angry individual by (1) figuring out why the mob was angry at me and (2), if they had a good reason, asking for forgiveness from the leader of the mob. If the leader accepted my apology, then he/she would inform his/her followers that I did nothing wrong, and they would give up being angry at me. It is easier to ask for forgiveness from only the leader than to have to ask everyone in the mob. If an individual was angry at me, I would first ask him/her why he/she was upset with me, and then I would apologize if I was truly sorry. Mobs can be really scary because they can do really harmful things to people without the fear of being punished.

Chapters 16-18 Activity 6- Journal <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">1). Protecting the Innocent

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;"> What is your view about shielding children from unpleasant truths?


 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Is it important for a child to know the truth or to keep a child in the dark?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Is it right for a parent to lie to a child to shield him or her?

I believe that children have the right to know the truth for many reasons. First, children learn from the truth. If there is a murder at a store downtown, children who know will learn that killing is wrong and will hopefully not do it as adults. When children hear about incidents that might disturb them, such as murder, they get a little scare, which teaches them to never do such things. Second, if people of a community are talking about an incident, a child who knows what happened can easily understand the conversation and hear what people have to say. The child can hear other opinions and views about the incident and be informed about current news. As opposed to hearing other points of view, the child can present his/her own and contribute something to the conversation. If the child does not know what happened because his/her parents decide not to tell him/her, he/she will not know what the conversation is about and will feel left out. Third, children cannot be shielded from truths because they will never learn that there is bad everywhere, and society is not all good. Children need to know that they do not live in a perfect world where there is no murder, stealing, lying, adultery, etc. Children that do not know that will be extremely surprised when they enter the real world. It is better that they know before they are adults, so that it is not as shocking to them. Last, children that are lied to about truths grow up to be adults whom cannot accept the truth. Since they are not exposed to unpleasant truths as a child, it will be very hard for them to welcome hideous truths as adults. They will convince themselves that there is no misery in our world and live unreal lives. Children need to know the truth from a very young age because if they do not, it will creep up on them as adults.

Chapters 19-22 Activity 7- Building A Case <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">Good arguments follow certain rules. Three which are important in the court room are brevity, clarity, and thoroughness.

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;"> Task: Review the way that Atticus and Gilmer handle Tom’s case. You goal is to provide evidence from the trial to support each statement. Hints have been given throughout to help you.

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;"> Atticus’ Argument


 * 1) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">Mayella Ewell was probably injured by a left-handed man; therefore, Tom was not involved.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Mayella- She is beat up on the right side of her face, and Tom could not have been the one to do it because he cannot use his left arm. Only a lefty can punch her right side, and even if Tom isn't crippled, he still could not have done it because he isn't left handed.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Mayella- She says that Tom chocked and took advantage of her. She also said that she kicked and screamed but still could not go free. This does not make sense because it is extremely difficult for a one-handed person to choke and rape a girl, and it does not make sense that the girl is unable to escape.
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tom- He cannot use his left arm because he got it stuck in a cotton gin as a child. It is 12 inches shorter than his right arm, and his left hand is shriveled. Therefore, it is impossible for him to beat her up on the right side of her face.


 * 1) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">No medical evidence exists to prove a rape occurred.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Heck Tate- He does not call a doctor because he does not think it is necessary.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Bob Ewell- He also does not call a doctor to inspect Mayella's injuries.


 * 1) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">The Ewells are not credible witnesses.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Bob Ewell- When Atticus asks him if he holds with everything Mr. Tate said about Mayella's injuries, he does not know what Atticus means at first but then understands once Atticus asks the reporter to repeat what Mr. Tate said.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Bob Ewell- Whenever he does not know an answer to one of Atticus' questions, his chest will swell up and his face will turn bright red.
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Mayella- It is very hard for her to remember exactly what happened. When Atticus asks her questions, she will say that she does not know because it happened very fast.
 * 5) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Mayella- When Atticus asks her if Tom hit her, she first says no but then changes her answer to yes. That shows that her story is not clear to her, and she might not be telling the truth.


 * 1) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">Tom Robinson’s previous arrest was unimportant.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tom- Another man tries to cut him, so Tom gets into a fight. Tom does not instigate but is still arrested for fighting with the man. It is unimportant because even though Tom is arrested, he is only protecting himself, not starting a dispute.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tom- Tom actually goes to jail because he is not able to pay the fine to be released. The other man pays his, so he does not have to go to jail. If Tom can afford it, he will have paid it and won't have to go to jail, but since he cannot not pay it, he has to stay.


 * 1) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">Tom is a gentle, compassionate, hard-working man.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tom- When Tom passes by the Ewell's house on his way home from work, he sometimes helps Mayella out by breaking up chiffarobes for her, kindling fires, and fetching water for her flowers. He does not have to do such things, but he wants to out of the kindness of his heart.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tom- Mayella offers him nickels for his work, but Tom refuses because he is a gentleman who wants to spend his time helping people in need without pay. He knows that she does not have any nickels to spare, so he wants her to keep her money.
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tom- When Mayella shuts the door with him inside and starts to hug and kiss him, he does not want to harm her in his attempt to escape the house. He knows hurting women is wrong, so he does his best to leave the home without doing so. Even though she is making him feel extremely uncomfortable, he is a gentleman about it.

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">Gilmer’s Argument

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;"> Mayella looked as though she was physically abused.
 * 1) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Mayella- She is chocked around the neck and pushed onto the floor by Tom. Since he has her neck, she cannot breathe and cannot fight back. She does, however, scream and kick as loud and as hard as she can.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Mayella- Tom punches her repeatedly on her face, and she is helpless against him.


 * 1) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">Mayella was raped by Tom.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tom- Tom is strong enough to choke her and sling her down to the floor.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Mayella and Bob Ewell- While Mayella goes inside to get Tom his nickel for busting up a chiffarobe for her, he enters the house; blocks her way; chokes her; punches her; and rapes her. She yells and kicks but cannot go free. Mr. Ewell comes home from gathering fire wood and sees Tom raping Mayella through the window. He runs into the house and Tom sprints away as fast as he can.


 * 1) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">Tom acts in a shifty, dangerous, and criminal way.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tom- Since Tom is convicted of disorderly conduct earlier is his life, he is just the type of person to rape Mayella. His background supports the idea that he is the one who rapes her.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tom- As soon as Tom sees Mr. Ewell through the window, he takes off as fast as he can. It is like he is nervous and has something to hide.


 * 1) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">Tom is insolent and doesn’t know his place.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tom- When Mr. Gilmore asks Tom why he always helps Mayella, he says that he feels sorry for her because no one is willing to help her. He does not know his place because black men do not feel sorry for white women. Black men are below white women in the social class system, so if anyone is going to feel sorry for anyone, it will be Mayella having empathy for Tom, not the other way around.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tom- Mr. Gilmore asks Tom if he agrees with what Mayella says about her asking him to break up a chiffarobe. He responds that she never asked that of him, and what she said was incorrect. In other words, Tom is saying that Mayella is a liar. Saying that Mayella did not tell the truth is insolent and rude.

Chapters 22-26 Activity 8- Journal <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">1). Closing the Gaps

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;"> Why do people feel prejudice against whole groups of people? <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;"> insecurity? <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;"> result of bad experiences? <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;"> automatic acceptance of old attitudes? <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;"> How can we overcome prejudice?

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">I believe that people feel prejudice toward groups of people because of bad experiences and automatic acceptance of old attitudes. When a person has a bad experience with another person who is part of a group, the person tends to assume that the entire group is like that particular person. That is prejudice. It is wrong to think that every person that is part of a group behaves the same. Everyone is different, no matter how similar people might seem. You cannot make generalizations about people only based on one person. In order to really have an opinion of someone, you need to actually meet him/her and get to know him/her. You cannot just form an opinion from one bad experience. Also, people feel prejudice because of acceptance of old attitudes. When negative attitudes about groups of people are passed down from father to son and taught in the family, children become prejudiced. They grow up learning untrue biases about people. Once you are taught how to behave as a child, it is very hard to change your ways. When parents teach their children that being prejudice is okay, the children believe them and grow up to be racists adults. When children learn that being prejudiced is good, they teach their friends prejudice, and lies about people spread. You can overcome prejudice by learning the truth about groups of people. Once you know the absolute truth, you can spread it all around, and there will be less prejudice and generalizations about people.

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">Chapters 27-31 <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;"> Activity 9- Discussion Questions <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;"> Task: Respond to the following questions regarding the conclusion of the novel. This is informal writing, and your response should be 6-8 sentences. Please type the questions above your response.

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;"> 1). Atticus says that he sometimes feels he has been a total failure as a parent. Drawing examples from the novel, contradict or support his remark.

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;"> 2). Scout is finally able to meet Boo Radley, walk him home, and “stand in his shoes.” How does the actual meeting differ from her expectations? What does she learn from the experience?

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">1) Atticus has not been a failure as a parent at all. Nowhere in the novel does he do anything that is bad parenting. Atticus is is a fantastic parent. The first place where Atticus is a good parent is where he tells Scout that in order to see things from other people'e point of view, you need to step into their shoes. That is great advice to tell a young girl. A good parent knows that his/her children need guidance and direction, and that is exactly what Atticus gives Scout. He teaches her that by looking at situations through other people's eyes, one understands other people's predicaments. Atticus wants Scout to learn how to become a responsible, young adult. The second place where Atticus is a good parent is where he tells Scout that she should, "hold your head high and keep those fists down." When Scout's peers at school start making fun of her father, she becomes very angry. She talks to Atticus and asks him what she should do. His advice to her is that she should not fight but should stick up with words. He teaches her that being physical is never the answer. That is an extremely important lesson. Atticus is a man who does not quarrel with others. Instead, he stays calm and fights with words. He wants to teach his children words and tone are more powerful than fists. The last place where Atticus is a good parent is where he gives Scout and Jem their air rifles and tells them to never kill a mockingbird. He is teaching them that you should never do anything harmful to anyone who never did anything harmful to you. He compares it to killing a mockingbird. Mockingbirds do not do anything except provide beautiful music to listen to, so they should not be shot. Atticus is a fair man who believes that people that are innocent should not be punished. That is why he decides to take on Tom Robinson's case. He does not have to, but he wants to prove to his children that everyone deserves a fair trial no matter what race someone is. He does his best to set the example for his children. Atticus is a model parent and is not even close to being called a failure.

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans',sans-serif;">2) Meeting Boo Radley differs from Scout's expectations because she always thought of Boo as this mean, wretched man who hates being around people, but when she meets him, she realizes that he is really a kind-hearted man who cares about the wellbeing of others. Since she never meets him before the encounter, she never knows what he is truly like. She only knows the gossip and rumors about him that spread around town. Based on all the lies about him, she thinks that he is destructive, sly, secretive, and evil. She also does not know why he never leaves his home. She just assumes that he does not like people and would rather be isolated from civilization. When she actually meets him, she is shocked to see how wrong she is about him. He is the opposite of what she thought. Boo is compassionate and is protective of Scout. Even though Scout is unaware that Boo watches out for her, she senses something about him when he carries Jem into her home. She understands that he does not like leaving his home because he does not want all the attention. From this experience, she learns not to assume things about other people and not to believe everything she hears. She now knows that people should first get to know someone before they form opinions about him/her. Prejudging is wrong and unacceptable. Everybody, not just including Scout, should first spend time with people before judging them.